Onco-nephrology: anti-cancer drug-induced kidney damage. Review of literature - Part 1

Drug-induced kidney injury represents a huge variety of conditions, directly or indirectly associated with drug toxicity and other drug adverse events. In this setting both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, and acute injury on the top of chronic disease is common. Drug-induced kidney injury may result from the damage of all nephron segments: vasculature, glomeruli, tubules and interstitial space. Anti-cancer drugs include conventional, targeted (biological), and immunotherapy groups. The mechanisms of kidney injury associated with the anti-cancer drugs exposure include: 1) kidney hypoperfusion due to the gastrointestinal losses and volume depletion, resulting from the drug adverse events without direct nephrotoxicity; 2) endothelial dysfunction of kidney microvasculature, caused by anticancer-drugs adverse effects; 3) direct toxic tubular and glomerular endothelial damage; 4) anticancer-drug metabolites crystals intratubular deposition with tubular obstruction; 5) interstitial inflammation as a result of hypersensitivity drug reactions; and 6) immune-mediated glomerular and interstitial damage. Of note, the same anti-cancer drug may cause the damage of more than one segment of nephron, and the mechanisms of injury may interfere. Since novel biological target drugs and immunotherapy became widely implemented, and survival of patients with malignancies improved, anti-cancer drugs adverse kidney effects more and more influence long-term outcomes, and the knowledge of these effects turned to be mandatory. Recently emerged field of onco-nephrology, among other issues, study the anti-cancer drugs influence on the kidney health. In this review, we collected information about all classes of anti-cancer drugs in use, including novel target and immunotherapy agents, and highlighted pathogenesis, clinical and pathology presentation of different types of kidney injury, associated with different classes, groups, and particular anti-cancer drugs, and summarize the main data in the tables.

острое повреждение почек, хроническая болезнь почек, злокачественные новообразования, противоопухолевые лекарственные средства, таргетные препараты, иммунотерапия, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, malignancies, anti-cancer drugs, targeted cancer therapies, immunotherapies

1. Cosmai L, Porta C, Gallieni M, Perazella MA. Onco-nephrology: a decalogue. NDT. 2016; 31:515-519

2. KDIGO Controversies conference on Onco-Nephrology. December 2018. Milan, Italy. https://kdigo.org/conferences/onco-nephrology-conference/

3. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int, Suppl.2012. 2:1-138

4. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int, Suppl. 2013. 3:1-150

5. Perazella MA. Update on the renal effects of anticancer agents. J Onco-Nephrol. 2017. 1(3):170-178

6. Sprangers B, Cosmai L, Porta C. Conventional Chemotherapy. In: Onco-Nephrology. Elseveir 2020, Ed K. Finkel, M. Perazella, E. Cohen. Section 4. Chemotherapy and Radiation Related Kidney Diseases, 128-153

7. Desai V, Thakkar J, Wanchoo R, Jhaveri KD. Targeted Cancer Therapies (Biologics). In: Onco-Nephrology. Elseveir 2020, Ed K. Finkel, M. Perazella, E. Cohen. Section 4. Chemotherapy and Radiation Related Kidney Diseases, 154-165

8. Saly D, Perazella MA. Adverse Kidney Effects of Immunotherapies. Conventional Chemotherapy. In: Onco-Nephrology. Elseveir 2020, Ed K. Finkel, M. Perazella, E. Cohen. Section 4. Chemotherapy and Radiation Related Kidney Diseases,128-153

9. Santos MLC, Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Botelho ACDS, Melo FF. Nephrotoxicity in cancer treatment: An overview. World J Clin Oncol. 2020. 11(4):190-204. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v11.i4.190

10. Wanchoo R, Ramirez CB, Barrientos J, Jhaveri KD. Renal involvement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2018. 11(5):670-680. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfy026

11. Sash M, Perazella M.A. AKI in multiple myeloma: paraproteins, metabolic disturbances, and drug toxicity. J Onco-Nephrol. 2017. 1(3):188-197

12. Wanchoo R, Abudayyeh A, Doshi V, Edeani A, Glezerman IG, Monga D, Rosner M, Jhaveri KD. Renal Toxicities of Novel Agents Used for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017. 12: 176-189. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06100616

13. Izzedine H, Perazella MA. Thrombotic microangiopathy, cancer, and cancer drugs. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015.66(5):857-868

14. Izzedine H, Perazella MA. Anticancer Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney International Reports. 2017. 2:504-514

15. Shah HH, Uppal NN, Perazella MA. Cancer drugs and the glomerulus. Journal of Onco-Nephrology. 2018. 2(2-3):78-91. DOI: 10.1177/2399369318815418

16. Saly DL, Perazella MA. The adverse kidney effects of cancer Immunotherapies. Journal of Onco-Nephrology. 2018. 2(2-3):56-68

17. Mamlouk O, Abudayyeh A. Cancer immunotherapy and its renal effects. Journal of Onco-Nephrology. 2019. 3(3):151-159

18. Hogan JJ, Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J. Drug-Induced Glomerular Disease: Immune-Mediated Injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 10:1300-1310.doi:10.2215/CJN.01910215

19. Radhakrishnan J, Perazella MA. Drug-Induced Glomerular Disease: Attention Required! Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015. 10:1287-1290. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01010115

20. Rosner MH, Perazella MA. Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017. 376:1770-1781. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1613984

21. Perazella MA, Sprangers B. AKI in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. CJASN. 2019. 14(7):1077-1079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.02340219/

22. Gill S, Maus MV, Porter DL. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: 25 years in the making. Blood Rev. 2016; 30(3):157-167

23. Shirali AC, Perazella MA. Tubulointerstitial Injury Associated With Chemotherapeutic Agents. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2014. 21(1):56-63

24. Jhaveri KD, Shah HH, Patel C, Kadiyala A, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J. Glomerular Diseases Associated With Cancer, Chemotherapy, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease. 2014. 21(1):48-55

25. Jhaveri KD, Wanchoo R, Sakhiya V, Ross DW, Fishbane S. Adverse Renal Effects of Novel Molecular Oncologic Targeted Therapies: A Narrative Review. Kidney Int Rep. 2017. 2:108-123.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2016.09.055

26. Sathik IJ, Seshan SV, Glezerman IG. Why did my patient get this kidney problem after receiving this new cancer drug? J Onco-Nephrol. 2017. 1(1):9-17.

27. Perazella MA, Izzedine H. Crizotinib: renal safety evaluation. J Onco-Nephrol. 2017. 1(1):49-56. DOI: 10.5301/jo-n.5000012

28. Jaimes EA. Renal Toxicity of Systemic Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Seminars in Nephrology. 2020. 40(1):49-58. doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.12.006

29. Barta VS, Uppal NN, Pullman JM, Levy AT, Jhavery KD. Acute tubular injury associated with imatinib: a case report and review of the literature. J Onco-Nephrol. 2017. 1(1):57-61.

30. Fowler NH, Advani RH, Sharman J, Smith SM, McGreivy J, Kunkel L, Troung V, Zhou C, Boyd TE. The Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib Is Active and Tolerated in Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma. Blood. 2012. 120(21):156. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V120.21.156.156

31. Cheungpasitporn W, Leung N, Rajkumar SV, Cornell LD, Sethi S, Angioi A, Fervenza FC. Bortezomib-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015. 30: 1225-1229. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv222

32. Casciani P, Postorino M, Rossi F, Tripodi S, Biagi A, Mercante L, Laureana R, Santinelli E, Del Principe LI, Gattei V, Del Poeta G. Renal Failure in a Patient with Ibrutinib Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Ann Clin Case Rep. 2019; 4:1749

33. Fonseca NM, Cardoso F, Monteiro M, Góis M, Sousa H, Fidalgo T, Calado J, Nolasco F. A case of bortezomib-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in a multiple myeloma patient. J Onco-Nephrol. Published online 26.12. 2019. DOI: 10.1177/2399369319894343

34. Koshida T, Wu S, Suzuki H, Wanchoo R, Bijol V, Tomita S, Suzuki Y, Jhaveri KD. Thrombotic microangiopathy in dasatinib-treated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. J Onco-Nephrol. Published online 26.12. 2019. DOI: 10.1177/2399369319887979

35. Rosner M, Jhaveri KD. Renal Toxicities of Novel Agents Used for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017. 12:176-189. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06100616

36. Vakil V, Birkenbach M, Woerner K, Bu L. Tubulitis in a patient treated with nivolumab: Case report and literature review. Journal of Onco-Nephrology. 2018. 2(2-3): 107-112

37. Edeani A. Cancer immunotherapy: Adoptive cell therapies, cytokine-related toxicities, and the kidneys. Journal of Onco-Nephrology. 2019. 3(3):131-143

38. Hirsch JS, Wanchoo R, Ng JH, Khanin Y, Jhaveri KD. Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in End Stage Kidney Disease patients, single center experience and review of the literature.Kidney360. Publish Ahead of Print, published on March 18, 2020 as doi:10.34067/KID.0000422020

39. Eijgelsheim M, Sprangers B. Kidney Biopsy Should Be Performed to Document the Cause of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: PRO. KIDNEY360 1:158-161, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0001192019

40. Gutgarts V, Glezerman IG. Kidney Biopsy Should Be Performed to Document the Cause of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: CON. KIDNEY360 1:162-165, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0000132020

41. Mark A. Perazella. Kidney Biopsy Should Be Performed to Document the Cause of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Commentary. KIDNEY360 1:166-168, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0001072019