The current understanding of the renal stem cells

The role, significance, the localization of renal stem cells (RSC) are discussed. It is expected that the role of RSC can act parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule of glomeruli. At the same time important to determine the RSC is the identification of immunophenotype CD24, CD133, PDX. There are indications of the presence of RSC with PDX positive and negative status, which determines their differentiation in podocytes. In renal tubular epithelium RSC can be transformed into mature epithelial cells by dedifferentiation of localized or specific groups. So far, not fully resolved the issue of the presence of RSC among epithelial cells of the convoluted tubules. It is known that epithelial cells (EC) of tubules are highly specialized, differentiated epithelial cells, cubic or cylindrical, are polar apical-basal location. Phenotypically as podocytes possess low mitotic activity, but in case of damage they can express protein cyclin D1, which is an indicator of G1-phase of the mitotic cycle. We discuss several sources of cells capable of differentiating into EC. EC themselves participate in the regeneration process, among the presence of single RSC EC, extrarenal role of stem cells (a pool of cell proliferation). The most popular model is the development of differentiated EC, they pass stage of dedifferentiation. EC dedifferentiation involves a transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal state (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT) and return to the cell cycle with the development EC (mesenchymal-epithelial transition MET). However, it remains unclear whether among EC produced at MET appear only mature form of cells or some of them can retain the properties of stem. Identify different types of RSC opens a new stage in the study of biological phenomena of regeneration of various cellular components of the nephron, which will determine the development of new medicines, prevent the development of renal fibrosis and renal failure.

почка, ренальные стволовые клетки, подоциты, эпителий канальцев, иммуногистохимия, молекулярная биология, дифференцировка клеток, дедифференцировка клеток, эпителиально-мезенхимальный переход, фиброз почечной ткани, почечная недостаточность, kidney, renal stem cells, podocytes, tubular epithelium, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, cell differentiation, dedifferentiation of cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, renal tissue fibrosis, kidney failure

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