Cell technologies in renal transplantation

Currently, renal transplantation has firmly established as the main method of replacement therapy in patients with the end stage chronic renal disease. Thanks to modern immunosuppressive drugs, short-term graft and patient survival are dramatically increased. However, long-term renal allograft survival has improved in a lesser extent. Chronic allograft nephropathy is the most common cause of graft failure, whereas cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death among patients receiving renal transplantation. To improve the results of transplantation, it is important to continue developing new strategies for the prevention of acute and chronic rejection. Two of such strategies are reducing the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and enhancing donor-specific tolerance. This paper reviews different strategies of using cellular technology in renal transplantation. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for controlling the onset and progression of the «graft versus host disease». Preliminary data indicate that the use of MSCs can provide potential benefits in renal transplantation by reducing the doses of immunosuppressive drugs required for maintaining the long-term survival and graft function after surgery.

мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, регуляторные Т-клетки, дендритные клетки, иммунологическая толерантность, трансплантация почки, mesenchymal stem cells, regulatory T-cells, dendritic cells, immunological tolerance, renal transplantation

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