The prevalence and clinical-morphological characteristics of renal pathology in HIV infection

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and the risk factors of renal failure and to assess their range in patients with HIV infection. The frequency of renal failure among HIV-infected patients in Moscow city was studied. The screening studies of markers of renal failure were performed on 610 patients with HIV infection. Renal biopsy was performed in 15 patients with nephrotic syndrome. Taking into account the steady growth of of HIV infection, the results obtained in screening prospective epidemiological study showed an increase in the calculated value of the prevalence of renal lesions among HIV-infected patients. In 24,9% patients with HIV infection was revealed the transient character of proteinuria. Persistent proteinuria was recorded in 10,8% of cases. Renal impairment was found in 48% of patients with proteinuria. It is shown that the predisposing factors of nephropathy may be a high viral load (HIV RNA of more than 100 000 copies/ml) and depression of immune system (CD4⁺-lymphocytes less than 200 cells/ml). The morphological structure of chronic glomerulonephritis in HIV-infected patients with nephrotic syndrome is presented with the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal immunocomplex. The data obtained allow us to conclude that HIV-infected patients are at high risk of renal failure and are in need for dynamic monitoring with the purpose of an early detection of renal pathology.

ВИЧ-инфекция, маркеры повреждения почек, скрининг, факторы риска, гломерулонефриты, биопсия почки, люпусподобный нефрит, HIV-infection, markers of kidney damage, screening, risk factors, glomerulonephritis, kidney biopsy, lupus-like glomerulonephritis

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