Kidney is the «target» organ for xenobiotics especially for toxic metals. Citotoxicity of these metals is caused by three interacting mechanisms: intensification of lipids peroxidation; depression of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrias; pathology of calcium homeostasis. Correspondingly, therapy with antioxidants, membrane stabilisers, drugs affecting function of mitochondrias and blocators of calcium channels should be included in prophylactics and pathogenetic therapy of chronic xenobiotic poisoning.

The results of kidney transplantation in two groups of recipients have been analyzed. The first group: 16 patients were held on the 3-drugs regimen of immunosupression characterized by the high dosage of Cyclosporin A; the second group: 15 patients on the 4-drugs regimen.The fourth component was Bromergon, the prolactin inhibitor. In the second group the dosage of Cy A was three times less (4 mg/ kg/d instead of 12 mg/kg/d). The efficacy of the two said regimens was analyzed using a series of standart clinical and lab parameters and the markers of the transplant rejection: the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and factor VIII of coagulation (Willebrand’s factor). The comparison has shown both clinical and economic effect of the 4-drug regimen of immunosupression.

In order to investigate the role of NO in pathogenesis of nephropathy in children we examined 29 patients (from 4 to 14 year old) with different kidney diseases and normal renal function. In all of them NO platelet synthesis was measured by spectrofotometric determination of its stable metabolites (NO2-+NO3-). The investigation confirms the important role of NO in pathogenesis of kidney dieases. The increased NO platelet synthesis in children with nephropathy is associated with high activity of inflammation in renal tissue. The difference between patients with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis may be a reflection of different inflammatory mechanisms of these diseases.

Frequency of pathology in newborns and the first months infants presented in the study on the material of Uro-logy and Nephrology Center (totally 5085 infants). The clinical-functional and lab tests were investigated in 391 new-borns from intensive care and neonatal pathology units. It was revealed the polymorphism of manifestation kidney pathology. It was also demonstrated predominance of obstructive nephropathy and congenital defects of urinary tract in the cases of persistence of the uric syndrome. The analysis of 314 cases of disability in children with kidney disease showed that in 75% infants the disability was caused by the obstructive uropathy.

In the study presented the results of application the Epoetin-omega (Epomax) in the management of anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. The high efficacy of the preparation was shown as well as the possibility to administrate low doses for the acquirement of the effect, uncommon of complications at the duration of treatment more than 1 year.