Kidneys in maintaining of acid-base balance
Abstract
The body is a single entity, and many interconnected systems are working together, creating and maintaining homeostasis. Normal pH of blood plasma and extracellular fluid are sustained in very narrow limits, providing optimal conditions for normal functioning of the body. There are several buffer systems, maintaining acid-base balance. Depending on the base, buffer systems can be divided into three main groups: bicarbonate, phosphate and protein. The restoration of exhausted buffer systems includes numerous physiological mechanisms: fast-acting - lungs and the hemoglobin; and long-acting - kidneys and liver. Proximal tubule of the renal nephron reabsorbs by isoosmotic transport up to 70% pre-filtered bicarbonate. Acidification of the urine (removal of hydrogen ion from the body) occurs in the distal nephron and collecting tubes mainly due to the work of countercurrent-multiplying system of the kidney. The etiology of acidosis and alkalosis can be renal and extrarenal, but under any condition the kidneys bear most of the work on the restoration of the acid-base balance.
About the Authors
Y. Y. Bagrov
I.M. Sechenov Institution of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
N. B. Manusova
I.M. Sechenov Institution of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Science
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Bagrov Y.Y., Manusova N.B. Kidneys in maintaining of acid-base balance. Nephrology and Dialysis. 2016;18(2):165-171. (In Russ.)
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