A retrospective analysis of 32 from 50 cases of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with renal involvement, treated in the Division of Nephrology of Moscow Botkin City hospital between 1991 and 2001 was performed. 11 patients had a nephritic type of nephritis, and 21 patients - a nephrotic type. The more often extrarenal involvement were lesions of blood, skin, joints, brain and lung. 6 patients were treated with glucocorticoids (GC) only (because of contraindications to cytostatics). Others, in addition to the high doses of GC received also cytostatics (CS). CS treatment leads to the better kidney survival. 9 patients (18%) died during the period of observation. Statistical analysis of clinical and laboratory data revealed a number of authentic normalities. Involvement of central nervous system correlates with lung lesions, unfavourable outcome is more often among persons elder then 40. The type of nephritis and its activity proved not to be the predictors of death, while the activity of extrarenal involvement influences on the outcome of the disease. There were no cases of uremia among the causes of death.

In 20 kidney allograft recipients, cyclosporine dosage was gradually reduced below «therapeutic window» convoyed MMF administration. Before starting cyclosporine withdrawal, graft biopsy was performed and revealed normal picture in 6 patients and different pathological findings in the rests. Follow up duration after more then two fold decrease in cyclosporine dosage was 14,6 ± 3,4 months. A statistically significant increase in glomerular filtration rate (p < 0,05) and a decrease in the blood pressure (p < 0,01) were found.

Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricular in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are reviewed. Doppler echocardiography is the main method of diagnostic of the diastolic dysfunction. There are three abnormal patterns of transmitral flow: (i) impaired relaxation, (ii) pseudonormalization, (iii) restricticted filling. The impaired relaxation is the most common pattern of the transmitral flow in the CRF patients. The doppler indexes frequently lead to an incorrect diagnosis because it is difficult to distinguish normal and pseudonormal transmitral flow. Valsalva maneuver is not effective in CRF patients. The evidence-based guidelines for management of diastolic heart failure are absent. The general approach to the treatment of diastolic heart failure is to reduce symptoms of heart failure and treatment of disease that causes diastolic dysfunction.

The problem of interrelations between nephrological and urological diseases is not satisfactorily investigated. One of the proceses may mimic another. We performed a clinical examination of a case in which bilateral nephroptosis complicated by fornical hemorrhage from the right kidney simulated hematuric form of glomerulonephritis. The case demonstrates a necessity of use of various modifications of up-to-date methods in order to establish a real nature of kidney and urine tract disease.