Laser Correlation Spectroscopy (LCS) technique is based on the change of the spectral characteristics of laser radiation passing through the dispersion system that allows to record subfractional structure of any biological fluid. The purpose of the present research was to study the informative abilities of blood serum LCS for estimation of glucocorticoid therapy efficiency in children with nephrotic syndrome with minimal changes (MCNS) and efficiency of hemodialysis in patients with terminal Chronic Renal Failure (CRF). 13 children with MCNS on the background of the glucocorticoid therapy and 20 patient with terminal CRF taking the treatment of the program hemodialysis were repeatedly examined. The research made it possible to reveal relationship between the character of the homeostatic shifts detected by LCS technique and the severity of the current MCNS. It allows to use blood serum LCS as the objective criterion of the efficiency of the glucocorticoid therapy. The shifts of the homeostasis in blood serum revealed by LCS technique in patients with terminal CRF reflect the severity of the metabolic changes in interdialysis period and efficiency of the hemodialysis are. The advantage of LCS technique for estimation of the efficiency of hemodialysis. The possibility of the individual prognosis and, hence, of selection of the regime and the parameters of the dialysis therapy. The results demonstrate the diagnostic and prognostic value of blood serum LCS as an expert system for estimation of the severity of the pathological process and efficiency of therapy in children with renal diseases. When it is used in combination with the standard laboratory tests, it essentially improves monitoring in patients with the renal pathology.

132 patients with end stage of renal disease were enrolled in the study. We reveal a high prevalence of cardiac valve calcification among this population. Predictive factors for cardiac valve calcification were age and duration of predialysis systemic hypertension. Mitral valve calcification was associated with hyperphosphatemia, high calcium*phosphate product and duration of haemodialysis treatment. Aortic valve calcification correlated with age, maintenance of systemic hypertension but did not correlated with the level of blood pressure. Calcification of aortic valve was combined with calcification of arteries and coronary artery disease, whereas presence of mitral valve and both valves calcification was frequently combined with rhythm disturbances.

MMF was administrated in 15 recipients of allogenic kidneys at various periods after the operation (1 to 48 months). Indications to MMF were: acute rejection (7 patients), chronic rejection (6 patients), CyA-nephropathy (1 patient) and unclear nephropathy (1 patient). MMF was effective in 12 patients. Our experience with MMF allows us to conclude, that: 1) MMF is effective both in acute and chronic rejection, 2) MMF is much more effective at late period after transplantation, than at the early one. Only 2 patients had a diarrhea which was cut off after these patients were conversed on after meal taking MMF.

To evaluate an adequacy of Cyclosporine-therapy in 54 recipients of allogenic kidneys (28 males and 26 females aged 6-49 years) were examined T-0, T-1, T-3 with AUC (area under the curve) calculation. All the patients were from 3 to 3056 days after the operation. All received data were exposed to statistic analysis with determination of a correlation degree. A mathematic analysis revealed that a correlation between CyA-dose and these parameters is very various (r = 0.2878-0.5765). CyA-dose most closely correlated with T-3 and AUC (r = 0.5554-0.5765). Therefore, for correcting CyA-dose we should be oriented on T-3 and AUC.

Article presents data on ultrasound examination of kidney and renal blood flow in 102 children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). In all patients the disease dynamics was examined (up to 16 tests), each ultrasound examination included examination in B-mode, duplex doppler scanning (DDS) and dopplerography (DG) of intrarenal vessels. Juxtposition of the clinical features of the disease, of the results of ultrasound examination and morphological examination allowed to determine in the beginning of the disease the two following HUS variants: glomerulothrombotic and arteriothrombotic microangiopathy. Features of renal blood flow were studied corresponding to various morphological types and at different phases of course of the disease. Principles of an estimation of renal blood flow in case of polyorgan insufficiency were developed. Sonographic signs were determined allowing at early stages of the disease to specify its probable gravity.

Some authors proposed the measuring of diameter of vein caval inferior (DVCI) as a criterion of hyperhydratation in chronic dialysis patients. In this study there wasn’t correlation between DVCI and hyperhydratation volume, in some cases exceeded 10 liters. In the course of dialysis with ultrafiltration (UF) the irregular decrease of DVCI was observed. In some patients there was a paradoxical increase of DVCI during dialysis accompanying hypotension. All of them had a PTH level ≥330 pg/ml. One can suggest the toxic PTH effect on muscle cells in the vein walls as a possible reason of dialysis hypotension.

Alport’s syndrome is a non-immune glomerulopathy which is manifested by hematuria and/or proteinuria, by specific changes in structure of glomerular basal membrane. It is often accompanied by pathology of vision and hearing and sometimes with chronic renal failure. Alport’s syndrome is now intensively studied using modern methods of the DNA-diagnostics. Due to genetic polymorphism of this syndrome, it is necessary to take into account specific clinical pattern to choose a molecular-genetic method appropriate for each family. Results of the study of α-5-chain of the type IV collagen allows to diagnose the syndrome in clinically doubtful cases, i.e. on a pre-clinical stage of the disease. Extent and nature of genetic defect defines the prognosis of the disease in each specific case.

The problem of requirement and provision of renal replacement therapy - hemodialysis - for patients with ESRD is examined on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation. Objective methods of recording of requirement in the replacement therapy for regularization of its provision are suggested.

The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between the histopathological finding in chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) and its main clinical syndromes (arterial hypertension and proteinuria) as well as natural history. 93 kidney graft recipients with CAN have been observed for at least 12 months after graft biopsy. The histopathological diagnosis of CAN and its grading was made according to the Banff schema.The rate of CAN progression was estimated by graft survival since the time of biopsy. The results of our study showed, that the characteristic features of transplant glomerulopathy (TG) were severe hypertension and heavy proteinuria, associated (in 30% of cases) with hematuria. Clinical signs of CAN characterized by the dominating tubulo-interstitial sclerosis (TIS) were only moderate hypertension and mild (<1,0 g/24 hours) proteinuria. We suggest that there are two different types of CAN: glomerular type and tubulo-interstitial type. Clinical symptoms of CAN are determined by the type of glomerular lesion, but graft survival strongly correlated to the grading of TIS, while the role of TG was less significant.